Gutangira gukoresha Ultimate Multisite: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye

Witeguye kubaka urubuga rwawe bwite rwa Website as a Service (WaaS)? Aka gatabo kuzuye kagukura kuri zeru kakakugeza ku ishyirwaho rya Ultimate Multisite rikora neza—gakurikirana iby’ibanze bya WordPress Multisite, kuyishyiraho, kuyitunganya, n’imikorere myiza.

Ultimate Multisite ni iki?

Ultimate Multisite ni plugin ya WordPress ihindura ishyirwaho rya WordPress Multisite yawe rikaba urusobe rw’imbuga rw’icyiciro cyo hejuru—nka WordPress.com, Wix, cyangwa Squarespace—ariko urwo wowe nyirubwite ufite kandi ugenzura.

Ukoresheje Ultimate Multisite, ushobora guha abakiriya ubushobozi bwo gukora imbuga za interineti binyuze mu mafaranga y’ubunyamuryango yishyurwa buri kwezi, buri gihembwe, cyangwa buri mwaka. Ikora byose: gutangiza imbuga, kwakira ubwishyu, amafishi yo kwishyura, amavusha y’igabanyirizwa, guhuza domaine, ibyemezo bya SSL, n’itumanaho n’abakiriya.

Mbere yo kwinjira muri Ultimate Multisite, ugomba gusobanukirwa umusingi yubakiyeho: WordPress Multisite.

Gusobanukirwa WordPress Multisite

WordPress Multisite ni uburyo busanzwe burimo muri WordPress (kuva kuri WordPress 3.0 mu 2010) butuma imbuga nyinshi zisangirira ishyirwaho rimwe rya WordPress. Iyo bikoreshejwe, urubuga rwawe rwa WordPress ruhinduka “urusobe” rushobora kwakira imbuga nto nyinshi.

Bitekereze muri ubu buryo: Kaminuza igira ishyirwaho rimwe rya WordPress, ariko buri shami rikagira urubuga rwaryo rwa WordPress muri urwo rusobe.

Ibisangirwa

Imbuga nto zose ziri mu rusobe rwa WordPress Multisite zisangirira:

Amadosiye y’ibanze ya WordPress — Kuvugurura bikorwa rimwe ku mbuga zose
Plugins na themes — Bishyirwaho rimwe, bikaboneka mu rusobe rwose
Ububikoshingiro — Ububikoshingiro bumwe bufite imbonerahamwe zitandukanye kuri buri rubuga ruto, nka wp_[id]_posts, wp_[id]_comments, n’ibindi.
Konti z’abakoresha — Abakoresha baba abo mu rusobe, si abo ku mbuga ku giti cyazo
wp-config.php — Idosiye imwe y’igenamiterere

Ibisigara Bitandukanye

Ibyoherejwe by’itangazamakuru — Buri rubuga ruto rufite ububiko bwarwo bw’ibyoherejwe (wp-content/uploads/sites/[id])
Ibikubiyemo — Inyandiko, paji, ibitekerezo, n’igenamiterere bigenerwa buri rubuga
Plugins/themes zikora — Buri rubuga rushobora gukoresha imivangire itandukanye (keretse ibyashyizwe ku rwego rw’urusobe)
Ibice by’ubuyobozi — Buri rubuga ruto rufite dashboard yarwo

Iyi nyubako ni yo nyungu nyamukuru ya multisite: ushobora gukura ukava ku mbuga 10 ukagera ku 1.000, mu gihe imirimo yo kubungabunga ikomeza kuba imwe.

Subdomain vs. Subdirectory: Hitamo Neza

Igihe ushyiraho WordPress Multisite, ugomba guhitamo hagati y’imiterere ibiri ya URL. Iki cyemezo kigora kugihindura nyuma, bityo hitamo witonze.

Uburyo bwa Subdirectory

URLs zigaragara gutya: yourdomain.com/site1, yourdomain.com/site2

Ibyiza:

Byoroshye cyane kubishyiraho no kubibungabunga
Icyemezo kimwe cya SSL gipfuka urusobe rwose
Nta genamiterere rya DNS wildcard rikenewe

Ibibi:

Imashini z’ishakiro zishobora gufata imbuga nto zose nk’urubuga rumwe runini
URLs zishobora kugaragara nk’izitari “umwuga” ku bakiriya bamwe
Urubuga nyamukuru rusaba prefix ya /blog/ ku nyandiko (kugira ngo hirindwe amakimbirane y’inzira)

Uburyo bwa Subdomain

URLs zigaragara gutya: site1.yourdomain.com, site2.yourdomain.com

Ibyiza:

URLs zigaragara nk’iz’umwuga kurushaho
Imashini z’ishakiro zifata buri rubuga ruto nk’urubuga rwihariye
Nta makimbirane y’inzira hagati y’urubuga nyamukuru n’imbuga nto

Ibibi:

Bisaba igenamiterere rya DNS wildcard
Bisaba icyemezo cya SSL cya wildcard (cyangwa ibyemezo byihariye kuri buri subdomain)
Igenamiterere rya mbere riba rigoye gato

Inama yacu: Ku mbuga nyinshi za WaaS, uburyo bwa subdomain ni bwo bukundwa kuko abakiriya baba biteze ko imbuga zabo zumvikana nk’izigenga. Ubukomere bwa SSL ahanini bukemurwa n’ihuzwa rya Ultimate Multisite n’ama-hosting ndetse n’ubufasha bwa Cloudflare.

Amagambo y’Ingenzi

Mbere yo gukomeza, reka dusobanure amagambo uzahura na yo mu rugendo rwawe rwa Ultimate Multisite:

Amagambo ya WordPress & Multisite

Urusobe — Ishyirwaho ryawe ryose rya WordPress Multisite ririmo imbuga nto zose
Urubuga ruto — Urubuga rumwe ruri mu rusobe rwawe (rushobora kuba subdomain cyangwa subdirectory)
Super Admin — Urwego rwo hejuru rw’uburenganzira; rushobora gucunga imbuga nto zose, plugins, na themes
Akanama k’Ubuyobozi bw’Urusobe — Dashboard aho super admins bacungira urusobe rwose
Guhuza Domaine — Kwemerera imbuga nto gukoresha domaine zihariye (urugero, joesbikeshop.com aho gukoresha joes.yournetwork.com)

Amagambo ya Ultimate Multisite

Template y’Urubuga — Urubuga rwateguwe mbere rukopororwa igihe abakiriya biyandikishije (rufite theme, plugins, n’ibikubiyemo byamaze gutegurwa)
Ifishi yo Kwishyura — Ifishi yo kwiyandikisha aho abakiriya bahitiramo gahunda bakanakora imbuga zabo
Igicuruzwa/Gahunda — Urwego rw’ubunyamuryango utanga (urugero, Basic $9/mo, Pro $29/mo)
Ubunyamuryango — Umunyamuryango w’umukiriya ukora ku gicuruzwa
Webhook — Amatangazo yikoresha yoherezwa kuri serivisi zo hanze igihe ibintu bibaye (urubuga rwakozwe, ubwishyu bwakiriwe, n’ibindi)
Ibyabaye — Ibikorwa byanditswe mu rusobe rwawe (impinduka za gahunda, ubwishyu, gukora imbuga)

Intambwe ya 1: Shyiraho WordPress Multisite

Icy’ingenzi: Abatanga hosting benshi ba WordPress bacungwa (WP Engine, Cloudways, Closte, n’ibindi) bashobora kugushyiriraho Multisite mu buryo bwikora. Banza ubaze hosting yawe mbere yo kubikora intoki.

Ibisabwa mbere

Ishyirwaho rishya rya WordPress (cyangwa iririho witeguye guhindura)
FTP cyangwa uburenganzira bwo gukoresha file manager
Ubushobozi bwo guhindura wp-config.php na .htaccess
Kora backup y’urubuga rwawe mbere yo gukomeza
Hagarika plugins zose by’igihe gito

Koresha Multisite

Fungura idosiye yawe ya wp-config.php wongeremo uyu murongo mbere y’igitekerezo kivuga “That’s all, stop editing!”:

define('WP_ALLOW_MULTISITE', true);

Bika kandi wohereze idosiye, hanyuma wongere ufungure WordPress admin yawe.

Tunganya Urusobe

Jya kuri Tools → Network Setup muri WordPress admin yawe.

Hitamo Subdomains cyangwa Subdirectories
Injiza Umutwe w’Urusobe
Emeza Imeyili y’Ubuyobozi bw’Urusobe yawe
Kanda Install

WordPress izaguha uduce twa kode two kongera mu madosiye yawe.

Ongeramo Kode y’Igenamiterere

Ongeramo ibi muri wp-config.php (WordPress izakwereka indangagaciro nyazo z’urubuga rwawe):

define('MULTISITE', true);
define('SUBDOMAIN_INSTALL', true); // false for subdirectories
define('DOMAIN_CURRENT_SITE', 'yourdomain.com');
define('PATH_CURRENT_SITE', '/');
define('SITE_ID_CURRENT_SITE', 1);
define('BLOG_ID_CURRENT_SITE', 1);

Simbuza ibiri muri dosiye yawe ya .htaccess ukoresheje kode WordPress itanga (izaba itandukanye gato kuri subdomain ugereranyije na subdirectory).

Ku Buryo bwa Subdomain: Tunganya DNS Wildcard

Niba ukoresha subdomains, ukeneye DNS wildcard kugira ngo *.yourdomain.com yerekeze kuri seriveri yawe.

Injira muri control panel ya hosting yawe (cPanel, Plesk, n’ibindi)
Shaka Domains cyangwa Subdomains
Kora subdomain ifite akanyenyeri: *
Yerekeze ku bubiko bw’inyandiko bw’ibanze bwa domaine yawe nyamukuru

Gerageza Ishyirwaho Ryawe

Mbere yo gushyiraho Ultimate Multisite, genzura ko multisite yawe ikora:

Injira ujye kuri My Sites → Network Admin → Sites
Kanda Add New
Kora urubuga rw’igerageza
Sura urubuga rw’igerageza urebe niba rufunguka neza

Intambwe ya 2: Shyiraho Ultimate Multisite

WordPress Multisite imaze gukora, witeguye gushyiraho Ultimate Multisite.

Kuyishyiraho

Jya kuri Network Admin → Plugins → Add New
Shakisha “Ultimate Multisite”
Kanda Install, hanyuma Network Activate

Umufasha wo Gushyiraho

Nyuma yo kuyikora, uzahita ujyanwa ku Mufasha wo Gushyiraho. Kanda Get Started.

Intambwe ya 1: Igenzura rya Mbere yo Gushyiraho
Uyu mufasha agenzura ko seriveri yawe yujuje ibisabwa (verisiyo ya PHP, MySQL, n’ibindi). Niba byose bigenze neza, kanda Next.

Intambwe ya 2: Gushyiraho
Kanda Install kugira ngo ukore imbonerahamwe za database na dosiye bikenewe.

Intambwe ya 3: Igenamiterere ry’Ibanze
Hindura amakuru y’ikigo cyawe n’ifaranga risanzwe. Aya makuru agaragara kuri fagitire no mu itumanaho n’abakiriya.

Intambwe ya 4: Ibikubiyemo by’Icyitegererezo (Si ngombwa)
Ushobora gushyiraho inyandikorugero, ibicuruzwa, n’amafishi yo kwishyura byateguwe mbere kugira ngo bigufashe gutangira. Ibi birasabwa ku bakoresha bwa mbere.

Kanda Finish — ubu ufite Ultimate Multisite yashyizweho kandi ikora!

Imikoreshereze Isanzwe

Ultimate Multisite ishyigikira ubwoko bwinshi bw’imikorere y’ubucuruzi:

Uburyo bw’Ikigo

Cumbikira kandi ucunge imbuga z’abakiriya ku rubuga rumwe. Koresha impushya z’ikigo ku nsanganyamatsiko na plugins ku mbuga zose. Koresha ihuzamaderesi kugira ngo buri mukiriya agire domain ye ifite ikirango cye.

Inyungu: Kuvugurura bigenzurwa hamwe, umutekano uhamye, imicungire y’abakiriya yoroshye.

Umwubatsi w’Imbuga z’Icyiciro Cyihariye

Kora umwubatsi w’urubuga ku rwego rwihariye—restaurants, clubs za golf, abacuruzi b’imitungo itimukanwa, n’ibindi. Tegura imbuga z’inyandikorugero zifite plugins n’ibikubiyemo bijyanye n’urwo rwego byamaze gushyirwaho.

Inyungu: Abakiriya babona urubuga rwiteguye gukoreshwa mu minota mike. Uba umuhanga mu cyiciro cyawe.

Utanga Serivisi zo Gucumbikira WordPress

Tanga igisubizo cyuzuye cya WordPress icumbikiwe gifite kwishyurira ku ifatabuguzi, nka WordPress.com cyangwa Squarespace. Wita ku bice byose bya tekiniki mu gihe abakiriya bibanda ku bikubiyemo.

Inyungu: Amafaranga yinjira buri gihe, kugenzura urubuga rwose, nta bibazo by’impushya kuri buri rubuga.

Imiyoboro y’Ibigo/Iburezi

Kaminuza, franchises, cyangwa ibigo bifite imbuga nyinshi zifitanye isano. Buri ishami/ahantu/franchise ibona urubuga rwayo mu gihe IT ikomeza kugenzura byose hagati.

Inyungu: Guhuza ikirango, umutekano ugenzurwa hamwe, kugabanya akazi ka IT.

Amabwiriza Meza y’Imiterere

Ibyo Kwitaho mu Gucumbikira

Irinde hosting ihendutse isangiwe. Abatanga serivisi bahendutse bongera ubucucike bwa seriveri, bivuze ko umuyoboro wawe uhatanira ibikoresho n’andi mbuga amagana. Ibi bitera imikorere itinda n’abakiriya batishimye.

Ultimate Multisite ikora neza cyane n’abatanga hosting basobanukiwe Multisite kandi batanga:

Ihuza ryikora ry’ihuzamaderesi ya domain
Impamyabushobozi za SSL za wildcard cyangwa zikozwe mu buryo bwikora
Ibikoresho bihagije ku mbuga nyinshi
Ibikorwaremezo byiza bya caching

Reba Igitabo cy’Utanga Hosting cyacu kugira ngo ubone inama zirambuye.

Kunoza Imikorere

WordPress Multisite ishobora kwaguka ikagera ku mbuga ibihumbi (WordPress.com ni gihamya), ariko ukeneye ibikorwaremezo bikwiye:

Koresha CDN — Cloudflare (urwego rw’ubuntu rukora neza cyane) yita ku bikoresho bidahinduka na caching
Fungura page caching — Bigabanya cyane umutwaro wa seriveri
Gumisha plugins nkeya — Plugins nkeya zikora = imikorere myiza
Hitamo ibikubiyemo bidahinduka — Imbuga zishobora kubikwa muri cache cyane zaguka neza

Ultimate Multisite ikubiyemo ihuzwa rya Cloudflare ryikoresha DNS na SSL ku mbuga nshya zungirije—birasabwa cyane ku rubuga rwa WaaS urwo ari rwo rwose rukomeye.

SSL n’Ihuzamaderesi rya Domain

Mucukumbuzi za kijyambere zisaba SSL. Amahitamo yawe:

Uburyo bwa subdirectory: Impamyabushobozi imwe ya SSL itwikira byose
Uburyo bwa subdomain: Impamyabushobozi ya Wildcard SSL (*.yourdomain.com)
Domains zihariye: Buri domain y’umukiriya ikenera impamyabushobozi yayo

Ihuzwa rya hosting rya Ultimate Multisite (Cloudflare, GridPane, Cloudways, n’ibindi) ryikoresha gutanga SSL kuri domains zihariye—iki ni kimwe mu bintu bikiza igihe cyane plugin itanga.

Kugira kopi z’ububiko

Imicungire y’Abakoresha: Ibyo Ukeneye Kumenya

WordPress Multisite isangira imbonerahamwe y’abakoresha ku mbuga zose zungirije. Ibi bitera imiterere yihariye:

Urugero: John yiyandikisha ku rubuga rwo ku muyoboro wawe. Nyuma, asura urundi rubuga rw’umukiriya (iduka rya Alice) maze agerageza gukora konti kugira ngo agure. Abona ikosa rivuga ngo “email already in use”—biramuyobera, kuko atigeze asura urubuga rwa Alice mbere.

Igisubizo: Ultimate Multisite ikubiyemo ihitamo ryitwa Enable Multiple Accounts (Settings → Login & Registration) ryemerera email imwe gukora konti zitandukanye ku mbuga zungirije zitandukanye. Buri konti ihuzwa n’urubuga rwayo rungirije, bikarinda kugongana.

Intambwe Zikurikira

Ubu wamaze gushyiraho Ultimate Multisite kandi usobanukiwe n’iby’ibanze. Dore icyo wakora gikurikira:

Kora Site Template yawe ya mbere — Tegura urubuga rwo gutangiriraho rufite insanganyamatsiko ukunda, plugins, n’ibikubiyemo by’icyitegererezo
Shyiraho Ibicuruzwa/Gahunda — Sobanura ibyiciro by’ibiciro byawe (Free, Basic, Pro, n’ibindi)
Tegura Payment Gateway — Huza Stripe cyangwa PayPal kugira ngo wemere ubwishyu
Hindura Checkout Form yawe — Tegura uko abakiriya bawe biyandikisha
Shyiraho Ihuzwa rya Hosting — Fungura ihuzamaderesi rya domain na SSL byikora

Reba inyandiko zacu kugira ngo ubone amabwiriza arambuye kuri buri ngingo muri izi.

Ukeneye Ubufasha?

Inyandiko: GitHub Wiki
Ibibazo & Amakosa: GitHub Issues
Ubufasha Bwishyurwa: Ifishi y’Ubufasha ya Ultimate Multisite

Ultimate Multisite ni ubuntu kandi ifunguye ku isoko. Niba uyibona ifite agaciro, tekereza gusiga isuzuma kugira ngo ufashe abandi kuyivumbura.

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